Achilles
Tendonitis
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Definition
Achilles tendinitis
is inflammation, irritation, and swelling of the Achilles tendon
(the tendon that connects the muscles of the calf to the heel).
Cause
There
are
two
large
muscles
in
the
calf,
the
gastrocnemius
and
soleus.
These
muscles
generate
the
power
for
pushing
off
with
the
foot
or
going
up
on
the
toes.
The
large
Achilles
tendon
connects
these
muscles
to
the
heel.
These
are
important
muscles
for
walking.
This
tendon
can
become
inflamed,
most
commonly
as
a
result
of
overuse
or
arthritis,
although
inflammation
can
also
be
associated
with
trauma
and
infection.
Tendinitis
due
to
overuse
is
most
common
in
younger
individuals
and
can
occur
in
walkers,
runners,
or
other
athletes,
especially
in
sports
like
basketball
that
involve
jumping.
Jumping
places
a
large
amount
of
stress
on
the
Achilles
tendon.
Tendinitis
from
arthritis
is
more
common
in
the
middle
aged
and
elderly
population.
Arthritis
often
causes
extra
bony
growths
around
joints,
and
if
this
occurs
around
the
heel
where
the
Achilles
tendon
attaches
to
the
heel
bone,
the
tendon
can
become
inflamed
and
painful.
Symptoms
Symptoms
usually
include
pain
in
the
affected
heel
when
walking
or
running.
The
tendon
is
usually
painful
to
touch
and
the
skin
over
the
tendon
may
be
swollen
and
warm.
Achilles
tendinitis
may
predispose
the
patient
to
achilles
rupture.
Patients
who
experience
this
usually
describe
the
injury
as
a
sharp
pain,
like
someone
hit
them
in
the
back
of
the
heel
with
a
stick.
Signs
and
Tests
On
physical
exam,
a
doctor
will
look
for
tenderness
along
the
tendon
and
for
pain
in
the
area
of
the
tendon
when
the
patient
stands
on
their
toes.
Imaging
studies
can
also
be
helpful.
X-rays
can
help
diagnose
arthritis
and
an
MRI
will
demonstrate
inflammation
in
the
tendon.
Treatment
The
initial
treatment
for
Achilles
tendonitis
is
usually
non-steroidal
anti-inflammatory
drugs
(NSAIDs),
like
aspirin
and
ibuprofen,
and
physical
therapy
to
stretch
the
muscle-tendon
unit
and
strengthen
the
muscles
of
the
calf.
In
addition,
any
activity
that
aggravates
the
symptoms
needs
to
be
limited.
Occasionally,
casting
is
used
to
immobilize
the
heel
and
allow
the
inflammation
to
quiet
down.
Functional
braces,
supports
or
boots
have
also
been
used
to
limit
ankle
motion
and
help
with
inflammation.
If
conservative
treatment
fails
to
improve
symptoms,
surgery
may
become
necessary
to
remove
inflamed
tissue
from
around
the
tendon
and
to
remove
any
part
of
the
tendon
that
has
become
abnormal.
Expectations
(prognosis)
Conservative
therapy
is
usually
successful
in
improving
symptoms,
although
they
may
recur
if
the
offending
activity
is
not
limited
or
if
the
strength
and
flexibility
of
the
tendon
is
not
maintained.
When
necessary,
surgery
has
been
shown
to
be
very
effective
in
improving
pain
symptoms.
However,
if
pain
does
not
improve
with
treatment
and
vigorous
activity
is
continued,
the
tendon
is
at
risk
of
completely
tearing.
Complications
The
worst
complication
is
tearing
of
the
tendon.
This
occurs
because
the
inflamed
tendon
is
abnormal
and
weak
and
continued
activity
can
cause
it
to
rupture.
In
this
case
surgical
repair
is
necessary,
but
made
more
difficult
because
the
tendon
is
not
normal.
Prevention
Prevention
is
very
important
in
this
disease.
Maintaining
strength
and
flexibility
in
the
muscles
of
the
calf
will
help
reduce
the
risk
of
tendinitis.
Overusing
a
weak
or
tight
Achilles
tendon
is
a
set-up
for
tendinitis.
Recommendation
Flexifly™
Anatomical
1/2"
SofSponge
Heel
w/
Depr.
Flexifly™
1/4"
SofSponge
Cover,
1/4"
Heel
Pad
w/
Depr.
Flexifly™
Orthotics
Heel
Post
Neutral
w/
SofSponge
Cover
Flexifly™
Anatomical
1/4"
Heel
Pad
w/
Dress
Leather
Cover
Flexifly™
Anatomical
Sport
Generation
II
Silicone
Gel
Heel
Pads
w/
Spot
Depr
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